KAZUYO SEJİMA
Kazuyo Sejima, born 1956, Ibaraki prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese architect. After studying at Japan Women's University and working at the office of Toyo Ito, in 1987, she founded Kazuyo Sejima and Associates. In 1995, she founded the Tokyo-based firm SANAA (Sejima and Nishizawa and Associates) together with her former employee Ryue Nishizawa. In 2010, Sejima was appointed director of architecture sector for the Venice Biennale, which she curated for the 12th Annual International Architecture Exhibition. She was the first woman ever selected for this position. In 2010, she was awarded the Pritzker Prize, together with Ryue Nishizawa.
Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa have worked on several projects in Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, United States, and Spain. Many of their designs like the New Museum in the Bowery District in New York City as well as their Glass Pavilion for the Toledo Museum of Art involve glass and a space open to the world around it. Such design element can be found abundantly in their designs.
Sejima creates her designs with clean modernist elements. They usually include slick, clean, and shiny surfaces made of glass, marble, and metals. She also likes to use squares and cubes, which can be found in her designs in various usages. Large windows allow natural light to enter a space, and make her space be involved with the world which is on the other side of the glass. It is this connection of two spaces from which she draws her inspirations.
ROLEX LEARNİNG CENTER
The Rolex Learning Center is the campus hub and library for the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), in Lausanne, Switzerland. Designed by the architects SANAA, it opened on February 22nd, 2010.
Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa, partners of the Tokyo-based design firm SANAA, were selected as the lead architects in EPFL's international competition of December 2004. The main library, containing 500,000 printed works, is one of the largest scientific collections in Europe; four large study areas can accommodate 860 students with office space for over 100 EPFL and other employees; a state-of-the-art multimedia library will give access to 10,000 online journals and 17,000 e-books, with advanced lending machines and systems for bibliographic search; a study centre for use by postgraduate researchers will provide access to the universityʼs major archive and research collection, and there are teaching areas including 10 ʻbubblesʼ for seminars, group work and other meetings and a Language and Multimedia Center and associated administration offices.
Rolex Learning Center, mid-2009
inside, the hills, valleys and plateaus formed by the undulation often make the edges
of the building invisible, though there are no visual barriers between one area and the next.
instead of steps and staircases, there are gentle slopes and terraces. clearly, but without
dividing walls, one area of activity gives way to another. visitors stroll up the gentle curves,
or perhaps move around the space on one of the specially designed ʻhorizontal liftsʼ,
elegant glass boxes, whose engineering is adapted from everyday lift design.
as well as providing social areas and an impressive auditorium, the building lends itself
to the establishment of quiet zones and silent zones, acoustically separated areas created
through changes in height. the slopes, valleys and plateaus within the building, as well
as the shapes made by the patios, all contribute to these barrier-free delineations of space.
in addition, clusters of glazed or walledʻbubblesʼ make small enclosures for small groups
to meet or work together in.
the topography lends an extraordinary fluidity to the buildingʼs flexible open plan – a flow
that is emphasised by fourteen voids in the structure, of varying dimensions. these are glazed
and create a series of softly rounded external ʻpatiosʼ, as the architects describe them.
the patios are social spaces and provide a visual link between the inside and the outside.
they are very much part of the building.
from the higher areas, visitors may enjoy views not only of the campus but, spectacularly,
of lake geneva and the alps.
with all its unity and variety, the rolex learning center is, as described by kazuyo sejima on the
announcement that SANAA had won the architectural competition, an ʻintimate public spaceʼ.
the rolex learning center embodies the aims and philosophy of the EPFL, setting the scene for
different kinds of collaborative, cross-disciplinary research, regarded as essential to advances
in science and technology. It offers flexibility to use the building in many different ways, now
and in the future, to absorb new technology and working methods, as they come on stream,
many of them developed within EPFL itself. the building emphasises sociability, getting together
for coffee, for lunch, for study, for seminars, to stimulate informal encounters between people
of all the key disciplines. it is designed to be a landmark, a place people will want to visit,
allowing EPFL to reach out to the surrounding community and internationally.
the engineering and construction of the rolex learning center is highly experimental and innovative.
for the 3-dimensional curved concrete shells, SANAA worked with structural engineer, SAPS,
to find the shapes with the least bending stresses by making computer simulations. after repeating
this process numerous times, engineers bollinger und grohmann and walther mory maier made
detailed calculations to arrive at the final shape.
for the construction, SANAA worked closely with the total service contractor, losinger
construction, on the final calculations and physical implementation of such large and gentle slopes.
the concrete execution had to be precise because of the complex facade system that needed to
absorb both the concrete shell deflection movement and the construction tolerances. one example
of precise execution was the use of laser-cut 2.5m x 2.5m wooden formwork, which was positioned
using GPS technology on site. for the ventilation and heating, the undulating one-room volume
was also studied via computer simulation to determine the periods when natural ventilation was
possible and when floor heating would be necessary. this helped to achieve a low energy
consumption target.
essentially, the building is made up of two ʻshellsʼ. inside the two shells are 11 under-stressed
arches. the smaller shell sits on four arches, 30-40 metres long, while the larger shell rests on
seven arches, 55-90 metres long. the arches are held by 70 underground pre-stressed cables.
the main structural materials are steel and wood, with concrete poured into formwork so precise
that the underside of the building looks polished. the floor is a concrete structure, the roof steel
and wood; the floor and roof run parallel to each other. to follow the geometry of the shells
required 1400 different moulds for concrete. the concrete pouring involved delivering concrete continuously over a period of two days, to achieve the complex task of creating one continuous
flowing roofspace.
as the building is made up of a single structure, all the elements, including the roof, have to
be flexible, to accommodate minute changes in dimension caused by natural and structural
movements.
the internal ceilings are jointed to accommodate these shifts. the curved glass facades,
including those that wrap around the patios, with a total area of 4800 m2, also have to take
the movement of the concrete: each piece of glass is cut separately, and each piece moves
independently on jointed frames.
the rolex learning center is a highly energy-efficient building which, for its low energy
consumption, has received the coveted minergie label– the standard used in switzerland
for measuring environmental excellence in buildings.
the building is largely daylit with carefully controlled natural ventilation systems, except for
the restaurant and multimedia library, which have cold ceilings. it achieves a 38.5 kWh/m2
(139 MJ/m2) energy consumption thanks to high quality double-glazed windows, 20cm of
insulation in the roof and up to 35 cm in the ground, exterior blinds, natural lighting and ventilation,
and because it takes advantage of the 25-year-old installation of thermal pumps that use
lake water for cooling the whole campus. this degree of energy efficiency was achieved by
the pioneering engineering firm sorane SA, based near to the campus and comprised of engineers
from lausanne and zurich. using digital modelling for airflow, lighting, and thermal measurements,
the firm increased the energy efficiency of the new building to a technical maximum while at
the same time ensuring the safety of its users in case of a fire. obtaining the minergie label is
an even more outstanding achievement given the energy challenges of an open plan building.
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